The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Self-Care Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence is increasing globally. Self-efficacy, or belief in one's ability to manage self-care, plays an important role in controlling this disease. This study aimed to explore the relationship between self-efficacy and self-care management in T2DM patients.  The design of this study was a cross-sectional study with 93 respondents selected using the Slovin formula. Inclusion criteria included patients aged ≥19 years, diagnosed with diabetes without acute complications, and willing to become respondents. Self-efficacy was measured using the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES), while self-care management was measured using the Diabetes Self-Management Instrument (DSMI). Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square method. Of the total 93 patients, 60 patients (64.5%) had good self-efficacy. A total of 56 patients (60.2%) had sufficient self-care management. Bivariate analysis showed that patients with good self-efficacy were more likely to have good self-care management (p-value = 0.017). The results of this study are consistent with Bandura's theory that self-efficacy plays an important role in the implementation of effective self-care. High self-efficacy contributes significantly to better self-care management in T2DM patients. Therefore, interventions that improve self-efficacy should be an integral part of diabetes care programs to improve health outcomes and quality of life of patients. It is recommended to conduct diabetes management skills training and provision of adequate social support to improve patients' self-efficacy